Ice is different from ordinary crystals because it contains randomness, which means that statistical treatment based on ensemble averaging is essential. Ice structures are constrained by topological rules known as the ice rules, which give them unique anomalous properties. These properties become more apparent when the system size is large. For this reason, there is a need to produce a large number of sufficiently large crystals that are homogeneously random and satisfy the ice rules. We have developed an algorithm to quickly generate ice structures containing ions and defects. This algorithm is provided as an independent software module that can be incorporated into crystal structure generation software. By doing so, it becomes possible to simulate ice crystals on a previously impossible scale.

• Masakazu Matsumoto, Takuma Yagasaki, and Hideki Tanaka, GenIce-core: Efficient algorithm for generation of hydrogen-disordered ice structures, J. Chem. Phys. 160, 094101 (2024).
• DOI:10.1063/5.0198056
• GenIce-core repository